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LEPIDOPTERA

Clossiana titania (Esper, 1793)
Clossiana titania (Esper, 1793)

• TYPE LOCALITY. «Sardinien» [Sardinia, Italy].

• RANGE. Locally over the temperate belt of the Holarctic Region.

• DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION. The European part of the range is populated by the ssp. bivina (Fruhstorfer, 1908) (= amathusia (Esper, [1784]), nom. praeoccup.; = rossica (Hemming, 1934)); over central and S. Siberia, the Altais and Sayan, the mountains of Tuva, Transbaikalia, the Amur region and probably Sakhalin, the ssp. staudingeri (Wnukowsky, 1929) (= sibirica (Staudinger, 1892), nom. praeoccup, = altaica Seitz, [1909], nom. praeoccup.; = Julia (Hemming, 1934)) is known to be distributed.

• HABITATS AND BIOLOGY. Meadows, sometimes muskeg bogs and rocky tundra up to 1,600 m a.s.l. Flight period: June to August. Host plants in Europe (Lang, 1884; Eckstein, 1913); Viola, Vaccinium uliginosum; in Siberia (Korshunov & Gorbunov, 1995): Bistorta major, Filipendula ulmaria, Trollms asiaticus.

• SIMILAR SPECIES. Clossianci thore: outer margin of HW not ragged. C. angcirensis, C. selenis, C. dia, C. frigga, C. jreya, C. oscarus, C. erda: UNH with silvery, white or mother-of-pearl spots.

 

Photo and text: Guide to the BUTTERFLIES OF RUSSIA and adjacent territories Volume 2. PENSOFT, Sofia - Moscow. 2000